1 00:00:34,951 --> 00:00:36,119 [narrator] For over a year, 2 00:00:36,494 --> 00:00:40,874 Julius Caesar has been chasing Pompey Magnus across the Mediterranean 3 00:00:41,624 --> 00:00:46,046 in a civil war that's threatened to destroy the Roman Republic. 4 00:00:49,007 --> 00:00:51,509 Now, on a field in Greece, 5 00:00:52,677 --> 00:00:57,057 Caesar, Mark Antony, and 22,000 soldiers 6 00:00:57,891 --> 00:01:01,311 face off against Pompey, Brutus, 7 00:01:02,437 --> 00:01:05,148 and their army of 45,000. 8 00:01:32,133 --> 00:01:33,927 Everything we've accomplished 9 00:01:34,969 --> 00:01:36,513 has led us to this moment. 10 00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:40,183 We've been outnumbered before, 11 00:01:41,559 --> 00:01:42,977 but it has never stopped us. We've fought for glory, 12 00:01:47,482 --> 00:01:48,399 but today... 13 00:01:49,526 --> 00:01:51,027 we fight for honor. 14 00:01:51,653 --> 00:01:52,487 Today, 15 00:01:54,239 --> 00:01:56,282 we show them who we are. 16 00:02:11,297 --> 00:02:15,969 Caesar and Pompey are Rome's two greatest generals. 17 00:02:17,262 --> 00:02:21,099 And it's really a question as to whether the old master, Pompey, 18 00:02:21,182 --> 00:02:26,104 is going to be upstaged by the young rising star, Caesar. 19 00:02:27,814 --> 00:02:29,816 [soldier] First ranks, charge! 20 00:02:35,655 --> 00:02:36,531 [Antony] Listen up! 21 00:02:37,157 --> 00:02:38,032 This is it! 22 00:02:42,203 --> 00:02:43,329 Charge! 23 00:03:07,562 --> 00:03:09,939 [narrator] Caesar's men hold their position. 24 00:03:12,275 --> 00:03:14,068 Maintain formation! 25 00:03:17,155 --> 00:03:19,616 [narrator] But Pompey has a secret weapon... 26 00:03:20,450 --> 00:03:23,119 a cavalry with 7,000 men. 27 00:03:24,621 --> 00:03:26,581 Pompey is hoping 28 00:03:26,664 --> 00:03:30,543 that his magnificent cavalry outdoes any cavalry that Caesar has. 29 00:03:30,627 --> 00:03:34,005 He's hoping that the cavalry can win the day on the battlefield. 30 00:03:36,549 --> 00:03:37,383 Cavalry. 31 00:03:37,634 --> 00:03:39,427 Second ranks, to arms! 32 00:03:39,844 --> 00:03:41,221 [horn blows] 33 00:04:00,907 --> 00:04:04,160 [narrator] But Caesar is one step ahead of Pompey. 34 00:04:06,037 --> 00:04:10,041 Caesar comes up with a really clever counter to Pompey's cavalry. 35 00:04:10,917 --> 00:04:14,587 He holds some of his infantry men in reserve, 36 00:04:14,879 --> 00:04:18,216 and he pivots them like a swinging door 37 00:04:19,300 --> 00:04:20,969 in the way of Pompey's cavalry, 38 00:04:21,052 --> 00:04:23,221 and they break the charge of Pompey's cavalry. 39 00:04:24,514 --> 00:04:25,974 [Caesar] Send the reinforcements! 40 00:04:48,705 --> 00:04:51,332 [Strauss] Pompey's cavalry do not recover from this, 41 00:04:51,874 --> 00:04:56,004 and that's pretty much the end of Pompey's offensive in this battle. 42 00:04:57,046 --> 00:04:59,340 And now, the initiative goes over to Caesar. 43 00:04:59,924 --> 00:05:01,301 Push forward! 44 00:05:07,098 --> 00:05:09,767 One of the big advantages that Caesar had 45 00:05:09,851 --> 00:05:13,938 was leading the same legions that had just helped him conquer Gaul. 46 00:05:15,565 --> 00:05:17,817 They were well-trained, they were well-disciplined. 47 00:05:18,776 --> 00:05:23,114 These guys were not just battle hardened, they had been together with each other. 48 00:05:33,833 --> 00:05:35,710 [narrator] After just an hour of fighting, 49 00:05:37,837 --> 00:05:39,213 Pompey retreats. 50 00:05:42,550 --> 00:05:44,093 Caesar claims victory, 51 00:05:46,012 --> 00:05:48,389 killing 15,000 of Pompey's men, 52 00:05:51,059 --> 00:05:54,062 and taking another 20,000 as prisoners. 53 00:05:56,522 --> 00:06:00,443 [Toner] After the battle, Caesar catches the rest of the senators 54 00:06:00,777 --> 00:06:02,487 and now he has what he wants. 55 00:06:02,737 --> 00:06:06,115 He has ultimate control of Roman politics. 56 00:06:19,837 --> 00:06:20,797 Where is he? 57 00:06:22,965 --> 00:06:23,966 Where is he? 58 00:06:27,595 --> 00:06:28,471 Where's Pompey? 59 00:06:29,931 --> 00:06:31,140 We've searched every tent. 60 00:06:32,266 --> 00:06:33,267 He must have fled. 61 00:06:37,897 --> 00:06:40,900 Caesar gave one very clear instruction to his men, 62 00:06:41,275 --> 00:06:44,362 and that was that should any of them see Brutus on the battlefield, 63 00:06:44,487 --> 00:06:45,863 they were not to kill him. 64 00:06:51,035 --> 00:06:54,122 Part of the reason why he was so concerned for Brutus 65 00:06:54,205 --> 00:06:57,208 might surely be that he was concerned for Servilia as well, 66 00:06:57,291 --> 00:06:58,835 looking out for her interests. 67 00:06:59,210 --> 00:07:02,004 But another part might be that he was genuinely concerned for Brutus that he wanted Brutus to side with him. 68 00:07:06,968 --> 00:07:09,679 [narrator] Caesar has won the Battle of Pharsalus, 69 00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:13,015 but he knows he won't have control of Rome 70 00:07:13,933 --> 00:07:15,810 until Pompey is killed. 71 00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:47,860 Julius Caesar's victory in Greece will not be complete 72 00:08:48,444 --> 00:08:51,989 until he captures his archrival, Pompey. 73 00:08:55,451 --> 00:08:57,870 [Brennan] As long as he remained alive, 74 00:08:58,704 --> 00:09:01,541 Pompey, even a hobbled Pompey without much of an army, 75 00:09:02,542 --> 00:09:03,584 was a threat. 76 00:09:07,922 --> 00:09:10,299 One of his men says he was headed towards Cyprus. 77 00:09:10,383 --> 00:09:11,968 Another claims he's gone to Africa. 78 00:09:12,843 --> 00:09:16,264 I suggest we split our forces. We can each take a legion-- 79 00:09:16,347 --> 00:09:17,515 You're not going. 80 00:09:18,057 --> 00:09:19,100 I need you in Rome. 81 00:09:20,351 --> 00:09:21,185 For what? 82 00:09:22,311 --> 00:09:24,146 I need someone there to maintain order. 83 00:09:25,439 --> 00:09:28,150 There are plenty of men more capable. I can better serve you here. 84 00:09:29,652 --> 00:09:31,153 You're the only one I can trust. 85 00:09:33,239 --> 00:09:34,574 Take whatever men you need. 86 00:09:36,117 --> 00:09:37,201 What about Pompey? 87 00:09:38,661 --> 00:09:41,872 Knowing him, he'll attempt to raise an army in the east. 88 00:09:43,416 --> 00:09:45,167 That's where he won his conquests. 89 00:09:45,918 --> 00:09:47,003 They'll remember him there. 90 00:09:47,795 --> 00:09:48,629 In Judea? 91 00:09:51,424 --> 00:09:52,383 Alexandria. 92 00:09:59,807 --> 00:10:05,980 [narrator] Alexandria is a port city a thousand miles east of Rome, in Egypt, 93 00:10:06,439 --> 00:10:09,191 one of the strongest empires in the world. 94 00:10:12,862 --> 00:10:16,240 Egyptian civilization was extremely old. 95 00:10:16,324 --> 00:10:19,535 It had been there for thousands of years, back to the pharaohs. 96 00:10:20,369 --> 00:10:22,705 The Romans were the new kids on the block. 97 00:10:26,542 --> 00:10:27,668 [narrator] For centuries, 98 00:10:27,752 --> 00:10:31,505 this ancient power has been one of Rome's closest allies. 99 00:10:34,425 --> 00:10:41,015 Egypt was one of the richest regions in the entire Mediterranean world. 100 00:10:41,932 --> 00:10:46,187 They had always been shipping money, grain, and gold to Rome. 101 00:11:01,744 --> 00:11:04,288 [narrator] Pompey has a long history with Egypt, 102 00:11:04,789 --> 00:11:07,375 and hopes to use it to defeat Caesar. 103 00:11:08,751 --> 00:11:12,713 A few years previously, Pompey had loaned 104 00:11:12,797 --> 00:11:17,218 significant amounts of money to the Egyptian Crown. 105 00:11:17,301 --> 00:11:21,347 This was why Pompey had fled to Egypt in the first place. 106 00:11:21,722 --> 00:11:25,226 He knew that the Egyptian throne still owed him that money, 107 00:11:25,309 --> 00:11:28,688 and he planned on using that debt as leverage 108 00:11:28,938 --> 00:11:32,733 to get the Egyptians to support him against Caesar. 109 00:11:36,278 --> 00:11:40,408 [narrator] This massive kingdom is ruled by a fourteen-year-old boy 110 00:11:41,617 --> 00:11:42,827 named Ptolemy. 111 00:11:45,371 --> 00:11:46,997 [Strauss] Ptolemy was a boy king 112 00:11:47,289 --> 00:11:50,292 who had been left the crown by his father in his will. 113 00:11:51,419 --> 00:11:54,046 It was quite usual in Egyptian society 114 00:11:54,338 --> 00:11:57,383 for a king to come to the throne at a very early age. 115 00:12:23,743 --> 00:12:26,036 It's an honor to finally meet you, Your Highness. 116 00:12:28,456 --> 00:12:29,707 My name is Pompey Magnus. 117 00:12:29,790 --> 00:12:31,125 I know who you are. 118 00:12:32,501 --> 00:12:33,794 What do you want? 119 00:12:36,922 --> 00:12:38,549 As I'm sure you are aware, 120 00:12:38,632 --> 00:12:42,011 Rome is at war with a small, but well-trained army of rebels. 121 00:12:42,762 --> 00:12:46,265 I've come here on behalf of the people of Rome to ask for your support. 122 00:12:51,979 --> 00:12:52,813 How can I help? 123 00:12:53,731 --> 00:12:54,648 As we speak, 124 00:12:55,191 --> 00:12:57,777 I am raising new legions across Africa. 125 00:12:59,195 --> 00:13:02,072 But to ensure a swift and decisive victory, 126 00:13:02,990 --> 00:13:06,327 I ask you that you pledge your armies to fight on the side of Rome. 127 00:13:06,410 --> 00:13:08,412 To defeat a small band of rebels? 128 00:13:08,496 --> 00:13:10,164 We could use all the allies we have. 129 00:13:11,207 --> 00:13:13,000 We've drawn the rebels out of Italy, 130 00:13:13,751 --> 00:13:18,005 and concentrated their forces in an area where it will be easier for us to attack. 131 00:13:19,089 --> 00:13:20,090 I'm impressed. 132 00:13:21,133 --> 00:13:23,385 But my regent tells me that you've just suffered 133 00:13:23,469 --> 00:13:25,846 a devastating loss to Caesar in Greece. 134 00:13:29,850 --> 00:13:31,143 A minor setback. 135 00:13:35,105 --> 00:13:37,316 The Great Pompey Magnus, 136 00:13:38,442 --> 00:13:40,110 Conqueror of the East, 137 00:13:40,653 --> 00:13:42,613 Defeater of Spartacus... 138 00:13:43,781 --> 00:13:46,116 bowing down and begging for help. 139 00:13:53,332 --> 00:13:55,459 I know you're dealing with your own war. 140 00:13:56,043 --> 00:13:58,337 But we cannot let Rome fall. 141 00:13:58,504 --> 00:14:03,717 Once I defeat Caesar with your help, I will return with my armies. 142 00:14:12,685 --> 00:14:15,521 [narrator] If Pompey gets the support of King Ptolemy, 143 00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:19,024 he'll gain the upper hand against Caesar 144 00:14:20,234 --> 00:14:22,820 and threaten to take down the Roman Republic. 145 00:14:26,031 --> 00:14:29,285 Egypt was an enormous source of anxiety, 146 00:14:29,785 --> 00:14:32,746 because Egypt played a very important role 147 00:14:32,830 --> 00:14:34,415 in Rome's own food supply. 148 00:14:34,623 --> 00:14:37,376 By choking off the port of Alexandria, 149 00:14:37,459 --> 00:14:39,461 you could pretty much bring Rome to its knees, 150 00:14:39,753 --> 00:14:41,338 so there was a lot of anxiety 151 00:14:41,422 --> 00:14:45,676 about having Pompey or any person of power ensconced in Egypt. 152 00:14:53,559 --> 00:14:56,020 [narrator] To add to the instability in Egypt, 153 00:14:56,812 --> 00:15:00,274 Ptolemy is already in the throes of his own civil war. 154 00:15:01,859 --> 00:15:03,652 When Ptolemy's father had died 155 00:15:03,736 --> 00:15:06,697 he had actually appointed Ptolemy as co-king 156 00:15:06,906 --> 00:15:10,534 with his sister and the two of them had actually married, 157 00:15:11,243 --> 00:15:14,830 something which was perfectly normal in Egyptian society. 158 00:15:15,831 --> 00:15:20,878 But the two of them had fallen out and Ptolemy had been left as sole regent. 159 00:15:21,378 --> 00:15:22,963 And she had gone into hiding. 160 00:15:28,886 --> 00:15:32,723 [narrator] Caesar realizes how unpredictable things are in Egypt. 161 00:15:33,557 --> 00:15:34,975 And for all he knows, 162 00:15:36,060 --> 00:15:38,395 he could be heading directly into a trap. 163 00:16:01,627 --> 00:16:03,253 Your Highness. 164 00:16:06,340 --> 00:16:08,133 If you're here to ask for my armies... 165 00:16:08,926 --> 00:16:09,885 you're too late. 166 00:16:36,328 --> 00:16:37,538 You look disappointed? 167 00:16:39,415 --> 00:16:40,416 Cover it up. 168 00:16:43,752 --> 00:16:44,712 Cover it up! 169 00:16:49,216 --> 00:16:50,509 [Strauss] Ptolemy kills Pompey 170 00:16:50,884 --> 00:16:54,388 and has his head presented to Caesar when he arrives in Egypt, 171 00:16:55,055 --> 00:16:58,892 hoping, I think, that it would somehow ingratiate himself with Caesar. 172 00:16:59,018 --> 00:17:00,936 But, in fact, Caesar is horrified. 173 00:17:01,395 --> 00:17:03,689 He's outraged that the great Roman general 174 00:17:03,981 --> 00:17:06,608 and indeed someone who had been a relative of his 175 00:17:06,692 --> 00:17:09,403 suffers such a undignified fate. 176 00:17:10,279 --> 00:17:11,155 Why? 177 00:17:11,572 --> 00:17:14,908 Since you're no longer at war, you can help me fight mine. 178 00:17:15,868 --> 00:17:17,578 Now, we're allies. 179 00:17:19,621 --> 00:17:21,081 I need to get back to Rome. 180 00:17:21,665 --> 00:17:22,624 You owe me. 181 00:17:26,462 --> 00:17:28,422 Once things get settled in Rome, 182 00:17:29,631 --> 00:17:30,966 I'll do all I can. 183 00:17:38,390 --> 00:17:40,476 It wasn't a request. 184 00:17:41,852 --> 00:17:44,021 Keep him here until he changes his mind. 185 00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:08,378 [narrator] After two years chasing Pompey across Italy and Greece, 186 00:18:08,921 --> 00:18:11,632 Julius Caesar is put under house arrest 187 00:18:12,466 --> 00:18:14,259 as he awaits his fate. 188 00:18:17,054 --> 00:18:20,224 Once Caesar found himself in Egypt, 189 00:18:20,307 --> 00:18:26,522 he became ensconced in a situation of extraordinary civil unrest. 190 00:18:27,022 --> 00:18:31,026 Caesar himself essentially became a prisoner in the city. 191 00:18:42,704 --> 00:18:44,081 I apologize about all this. 192 00:18:46,166 --> 00:18:47,584 Then let me go. 193 00:18:52,589 --> 00:18:55,342 I suggest you do as the Emperor requests. 194 00:18:56,135 --> 00:18:57,219 Lend him your armies, 195 00:18:57,594 --> 00:19:00,556 help him end this rebellion against his sister. 196 00:19:00,722 --> 00:19:02,141 Let me talk to both of them. 197 00:19:03,600 --> 00:19:05,936 I'm sure I can resolve this whole thing... 198 00:19:06,854 --> 00:19:08,355 without any bloodshed. 199 00:19:10,315 --> 00:19:12,693 King Ptolemy isn't interested in negotiating. 200 00:19:14,778 --> 00:19:17,281 Is that him talking, or you? 201 00:19:20,534 --> 00:19:24,037 You should make yourself comfortable. You could be here a while. 202 00:19:30,377 --> 00:19:35,549 Caesar arrives in Egypt and underestimates what the Egyptian reaction will be. 203 00:19:36,466 --> 00:19:39,303 He finds himself holed up in Alexandria, 204 00:19:39,469 --> 00:19:41,305 unable to do anything. 205 00:19:55,444 --> 00:19:58,739 [narrator] As Caesar weighs his decision to support King Ptolemy, 206 00:20:01,325 --> 00:20:05,078 his newly won republic is spiraling into chaos. 207 00:20:06,246 --> 00:20:09,249 Since Pompey and the senators evacuated Rome, 208 00:20:10,042 --> 00:20:12,753 the city has been without a functioning government. 209 00:20:13,337 --> 00:20:16,340 The biggest problem is the lack of food. 210 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,430 The city of Rome by this point had a population well over a million people. 211 00:20:23,847 --> 00:20:26,058 It required regular grain shipments 212 00:20:26,141 --> 00:20:28,977 from Sicily, from Egypt, from other parts of the empire. 213 00:20:29,728 --> 00:20:31,980 The city simply could not sustain itself. 214 00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:35,943 And with no administrative apparatus, with nobody in charge, 215 00:20:36,026 --> 00:20:38,320 the city was literally eating itself alive. 216 00:20:40,364 --> 00:20:43,075 [narrator] While grain is still being delivered to the city, 217 00:20:43,909 --> 00:20:46,286 it's no longer making it to the people, 218 00:20:47,371 --> 00:20:49,581 creating a firestorm. 219 00:20:57,256 --> 00:21:01,343 The man charged with maintaining order is Mark Antony, 220 00:21:02,261 --> 00:21:03,512 a valiant soldier, 221 00:21:04,513 --> 00:21:07,015 but someone with no political ambitions. 222 00:21:08,642 --> 00:21:11,728 [Duncan] Mark Antony did not seem to have a care in the world. 223 00:21:11,812 --> 00:21:14,356 He liked drinking, he liked gambling, he liked women. 224 00:21:15,023 --> 00:21:18,110 And the Roman Republic was being run quite badly. 225 00:21:20,862 --> 00:21:21,697 Sir... 226 00:21:22,614 --> 00:21:23,991 Another riot's broken out. 227 00:21:24,992 --> 00:21:26,451 Shipments are coming. 228 00:21:27,244 --> 00:21:28,453 Tell them to be patient. 229 00:21:29,663 --> 00:21:31,039 We have to do something. 230 00:21:31,999 --> 00:21:32,916 Break it up. 231 00:21:33,834 --> 00:21:35,544 Use force if necessary. 232 00:21:36,545 --> 00:21:37,629 -Sir-- -Do it. 233 00:21:45,470 --> 00:21:49,975 Mark Antony turns out to be a bad choice to govern Rome in Caesar's absence. 234 00:21:50,809 --> 00:21:53,520 He's not able to deal with popular unrest. 235 00:21:53,979 --> 00:21:56,481 He's forced to resort to the blunt instrument 236 00:21:56,565 --> 00:21:58,608 of sending troops into the Forum. 237 00:22:03,780 --> 00:22:05,907 [narrator] Under Mark Antony's command, 238 00:22:06,325 --> 00:22:08,243 over a hundred civilians are killed, 239 00:22:08,952 --> 00:22:11,121 including women and children. 240 00:22:12,164 --> 00:22:17,002 Proving Rome needs a leader like Caesar now, more than ever. 241 00:22:45,489 --> 00:22:47,574 As Rome slides into turmoil, 242 00:22:48,492 --> 00:22:51,036 Caesar's refusal to support King Ptolemy 243 00:22:51,828 --> 00:22:53,246 is becoming unsafe. 244 00:23:29,449 --> 00:23:31,076 How long till the guards change? 245 00:23:33,995 --> 00:23:34,871 Who are you? 246 00:23:40,710 --> 00:23:41,795 Cleopatra. 247 00:23:46,049 --> 00:23:47,467 You refused to help my brother. 248 00:23:48,176 --> 00:23:49,010 Why? 249 00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:51,471 Why does it matter? 250 00:23:52,931 --> 00:23:53,932 I need to know. 251 00:23:56,852 --> 00:23:58,186 I didn't want to get involved. 252 00:24:03,108 --> 00:24:03,984 And now? 253 00:24:06,403 --> 00:24:07,446 I still don't. 254 00:24:10,365 --> 00:24:11,867 Even if I got you out of here? 255 00:24:16,163 --> 00:24:17,372 If I say no, 256 00:24:18,540 --> 00:24:20,292 I assume your guards will kill me? 257 00:24:20,876 --> 00:24:21,960 Probably. 258 00:24:23,462 --> 00:24:25,464 Then I don't have much of a choice then, do I? 259 00:24:30,886 --> 00:24:33,180 Cleopatra was an intellectual. 260 00:24:33,263 --> 00:24:35,432 She was ambitious and she was driven. 261 00:24:35,515 --> 00:24:38,101 She desired power above all things, 262 00:24:38,185 --> 00:24:42,731 and through aligning herself with Caesar, Cleopatra had everything to gain. 263 00:24:47,777 --> 00:24:49,237 [narrator] By freeing Caesar, 264 00:24:49,696 --> 00:24:52,282 Cleopatra hopes to strengthen her position 265 00:24:53,033 --> 00:24:55,952 in the war against her brother, King Ptolemy. 266 00:24:57,412 --> 00:24:59,289 [Strauss] Cleopatra has lost out 267 00:24:59,956 --> 00:25:02,667 in the power struggles in the royal family. 268 00:25:03,251 --> 00:25:07,047 But she finds a way to power, and that way is called Julius Caesar. 269 00:25:10,926 --> 00:25:12,928 [narrator] Caesar backs the young queen, 270 00:25:13,678 --> 00:25:16,389 believing it will help him and the Republic. 271 00:25:19,017 --> 00:25:22,145 [Strauss] There was something in this relationship for each party. 272 00:25:22,479 --> 00:25:29,152 Caesar became convinced that Cleopatra was a sure bet for stability in Egypt. 273 00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:34,741 Cleopatra, of course, saw Caesar and his legionaries 274 00:25:34,824 --> 00:25:37,744 as her only road to power in Egypt. 275 00:25:42,374 --> 00:25:45,669 [narrator] Caesar sends for reinforcements in Greece and Italy, 276 00:25:46,461 --> 00:25:49,047 and combined with Cleopatra's own troops 277 00:25:49,631 --> 00:25:52,175 devises a plan to defeat the king. 278 00:26:04,145 --> 00:26:06,022 In 47 B.C., 279 00:26:06,982 --> 00:26:10,318 Caesar and Cleopatra's army of 20,000 men 280 00:26:11,069 --> 00:26:12,821 lays siege against Ptolemy 281 00:26:13,572 --> 00:26:15,574 in the city of Alexandria. After several months of fighting, 282 00:26:48,189 --> 00:26:50,817 King Ptolemy's forces are defeated. 283 00:26:52,527 --> 00:26:53,737 While escaping the city, 284 00:26:54,779 --> 00:26:56,781 Ptolemy drowns in the Nile... 285 00:26:59,034 --> 00:27:02,120 and Cleopatra takes full control of the kingdom. 286 00:27:08,251 --> 00:27:10,545 Caesar can now return to Rome, 287 00:27:11,880 --> 00:27:15,800 but his alliance with Cleopatra has become more than political. 288 00:27:18,053 --> 00:27:23,725 Cleopatra impresses Caesar with both her political skills and her beauty. 289 00:27:24,100 --> 00:27:26,436 They quickly become allies and lovers. 290 00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:29,981 She was exactly the kind of woman who would appeal 291 00:27:30,231 --> 00:27:33,109 to a man as brilliant as Julius Caesar. 292 00:27:54,464 --> 00:27:57,258 [narrator] While Caesar enjoys his new role in Egypt, 293 00:27:57,759 --> 00:28:01,262 the troubles back home continue to escalate. 294 00:28:29,332 --> 00:28:31,126 Riots are breaking out in Rome. 295 00:28:32,752 --> 00:28:34,754 Antony's lost control of the situation. 296 00:28:36,381 --> 00:28:37,507 Then replace him. 297 00:28:39,134 --> 00:28:40,218 I have to get back. 298 00:28:41,428 --> 00:28:43,888 To tend to your duties as a glorified senator? 299 00:28:44,681 --> 00:28:45,807 I'll be consul. 300 00:28:46,349 --> 00:28:47,767 A chairman for the Senate? 301 00:28:51,563 --> 00:28:52,939 If that's what you want, then go. 302 00:28:54,816 --> 00:28:57,485 But if you're looking for real power, you won't find it in Rome. 303 00:29:01,823 --> 00:29:02,782 Stay with me 304 00:29:03,324 --> 00:29:05,952 and we'll will rule Egypt together as King and Queen. 305 00:29:08,371 --> 00:29:11,916 Why are you so determined to keep me out of Rome? 306 00:29:12,083 --> 00:29:13,668 -I'm not. -I think you are. 307 00:29:14,544 --> 00:29:16,546 And I think you have been this whole time. 308 00:29:16,713 --> 00:29:17,547 Why would I? 309 00:29:19,048 --> 00:29:20,467 To weaken Rome? 310 00:29:21,551 --> 00:29:23,470 Hold onto power? You tell me. 311 00:29:23,553 --> 00:29:25,638 What exactly are you accusing me of? 312 00:29:25,722 --> 00:29:27,223 I know when I'm being used. 313 00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:29,976 So now I'm using you? 314 00:29:30,143 --> 00:29:30,977 Aren't you? 315 00:29:39,861 --> 00:29:42,530 [Strauss] Caesar ultimately has to return to Rome 316 00:29:42,614 --> 00:29:45,617 because that's where the government is, that's where the power is. 317 00:29:45,992 --> 00:29:49,078 Caesar has to arrange Roman politics, 318 00:29:50,121 --> 00:29:53,917 but you can't settle Roman politics without going to Rome. 319 00:30:06,846 --> 00:30:10,558 [narrator] It's been 12 years since Caesar was forced out of Rome. 320 00:30:13,353 --> 00:30:15,146 Now, he's heading home 321 00:30:16,523 --> 00:30:19,776 to save the city that's fallen into chaos. 322 00:30:22,153 --> 00:30:25,073 Caesar needs to win back the people to his side 323 00:30:25,156 --> 00:30:28,368 who may have become disgruntled after being treated 324 00:30:28,451 --> 00:30:31,037 in such a heavy-handed way by Mark Antony. 325 00:31:19,586 --> 00:31:20,753 Get out. 326 00:31:33,766 --> 00:31:36,895 I trusted you to maintain order. 327 00:31:37,353 --> 00:31:38,271 And I did. 328 00:31:39,063 --> 00:31:41,566 If you did, the people wouldn't be protesting. 329 00:31:41,649 --> 00:31:45,403 They're protesting because your war left them without a Senate. 330 00:31:45,486 --> 00:31:47,405 How could you bring my army into Rome? 331 00:31:47,488 --> 00:31:48,615 People were rioting. 332 00:31:48,698 --> 00:31:51,409 -Because they were hungry. -You told me to maintain order. 333 00:31:51,492 --> 00:31:53,119 -What was I supposed to do? -Feed them! 334 00:31:53,202 --> 00:31:54,287 I broke up the riots. 335 00:31:54,370 --> 00:31:57,373 -You killed women and children. -I did what you told me to do. 336 00:31:57,457 --> 00:31:58,708 I would have helped them! 337 00:32:02,170 --> 00:32:03,880 Then maybe you should have been here. 338 00:32:04,756 --> 00:32:05,590 Not in Egypt. Here. 339 00:32:09,010 --> 00:32:10,136 I should have been here. 340 00:32:12,513 --> 00:32:14,474 But don't blame me for what you did. 341 00:32:22,774 --> 00:32:24,734 [narrator] To save Rome from collapsing, 342 00:32:25,944 --> 00:32:28,279 Caesar will have to rebuild the government. 343 00:32:38,039 --> 00:32:41,918 He calls a meeting with all the senators who sided with Pompey 344 00:32:43,002 --> 00:32:44,963 to determine their fate. 345 00:33:08,277 --> 00:33:10,697 You had the power to end this war. 346 00:33:13,825 --> 00:33:15,243 And you did nothing. 347 00:33:19,122 --> 00:33:20,873 And that makes you guilty. 348 00:33:23,668 --> 00:33:24,502 All of you. 349 00:33:28,464 --> 00:33:31,175 Roman blood is on your hands. 350 00:33:36,431 --> 00:33:37,807 You stood by... 351 00:33:39,600 --> 00:33:41,352 and let one of your own 352 00:33:42,854 --> 00:33:45,606 become consumed by greed and power. 353 00:33:47,900 --> 00:33:48,735 Why? 354 00:33:50,403 --> 00:33:51,237 Fear? 355 00:33:53,740 --> 00:33:55,366 Fear of retribution? 356 00:33:59,120 --> 00:34:02,415 This Republic cannot function without a Senate. 357 00:34:05,043 --> 00:34:10,298 And clearly, this Senate cannot function under fear of retribution. 358 00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:24,687 Let this serve as an example. 359 00:34:28,024 --> 00:34:30,943 There will be no vengeance. 360 00:34:34,947 --> 00:34:36,157 You may take your seats. 361 00:34:42,371 --> 00:34:46,501 Caesar decided, for his part, to have a program of clemency; 362 00:34:46,709 --> 00:34:48,336 he was going to forgive people 363 00:34:48,419 --> 00:34:50,588 and incorporate them within his own circle. 364 00:34:51,506 --> 00:34:53,633 In so doing, he could strengthen his hand, 365 00:34:53,841 --> 00:34:57,512 because he could bring to his side some of the noble Romans, 366 00:34:57,595 --> 00:35:00,515 so it would make his cause look all the better again. 367 00:35:03,601 --> 00:35:05,353 [narrator] But Caesar's forgiveness 368 00:35:05,770 --> 00:35:07,814 doesn't come without a price. 369 00:35:10,108 --> 00:35:11,943 For more than four centuries, 370 00:35:12,693 --> 00:35:15,488 the Senate has guided Rome through times of prosperity, 371 00:35:16,114 --> 00:35:17,532 and times of struggle. 372 00:35:18,324 --> 00:35:20,034 Now is a time to rebuild. 373 00:35:20,993 --> 00:35:23,121 We can earn back the trust of the people, 374 00:35:23,204 --> 00:35:25,706 but it will take time, and it will take effort. 375 00:35:26,874 --> 00:35:29,961 It is with Rome's interests in mind that I hereby... 376 00:35:31,379 --> 00:35:33,506 nominate Julius Caesar... 377 00:35:34,549 --> 00:35:36,801 to serve as dictator 378 00:35:37,802 --> 00:35:39,846 for the next ten years... 379 00:35:42,557 --> 00:35:45,226 to help guide us back to a path of honor, 380 00:35:46,227 --> 00:35:49,897 and lead Rome to the great future it deserves. 381 00:35:57,029 --> 00:35:59,240 I graciously accept this honor, 382 00:36:00,950 --> 00:36:03,953 and the enormous responsibility that comes with it... 383 00:36:06,247 --> 00:36:08,249 should the nomination be confirmed. 384 00:36:11,127 --> 00:36:12,336 All those in favor? 385 00:36:20,178 --> 00:36:24,640 Caesar resurrects an office that had really fallen into disuse, 386 00:36:24,724 --> 00:36:26,392 which is the dictatorship. 387 00:36:28,811 --> 00:36:31,856 This is one man, for a limited amount of time, 388 00:36:32,023 --> 00:36:34,400 holds absolute sole authority. 389 00:36:36,944 --> 00:36:39,322 [Brennan] The dictator was-- Started off life 390 00:36:39,405 --> 00:36:42,408 as an emergency office only to be held for six months. 391 00:36:44,202 --> 00:36:48,080 It was almost a primeval feature of the Roman republican constitution. 392 00:36:48,581 --> 00:36:51,125 Caesar held this office, not for a military emergency, 393 00:36:51,209 --> 00:36:53,085 but for reconstituting the Roman state. 394 00:36:55,129 --> 00:36:57,256 To put it back together in such a way 395 00:36:57,340 --> 00:37:01,344 that he would have an unassailable position at the very top, 396 00:37:01,427 --> 00:37:02,845 and this was extremely un-Roman. 397 00:37:05,723 --> 00:37:09,477 It was a real slap in the face not just to the Senate, 398 00:37:09,560 --> 00:37:12,063 but to the entire idea of the Republic. 399 00:37:17,109 --> 00:37:18,569 The vote is unanimous. 400 00:37:21,530 --> 00:37:24,700 [narrator] By appointing himself dictator for ten years, 401 00:37:25,409 --> 00:37:28,162 Caesar ignores the rules of the constitution, 402 00:37:29,205 --> 00:37:31,707 allowing him more time to fix the Republic. 403 00:37:39,006 --> 00:37:41,550 [Duncan] Caesar had a keen sense 404 00:37:41,634 --> 00:37:45,471 of what was working in the Republic, and what was not working. 405 00:37:46,138 --> 00:37:49,767 Economic inequality. The Senate was filled with corruption. 406 00:37:49,976 --> 00:37:52,436 The calendar had completely fallen out of whack, 407 00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:56,941 their ability to keep time had even fallen into a deplorable state. 408 00:37:58,276 --> 00:38:01,654 Caesar, he could see all of it, he could see what needed to be done. 409 00:38:01,737 --> 00:38:03,781 Him assuming dictatorial power 410 00:38:03,948 --> 00:38:06,575 allowed him to make reforms 411 00:38:06,659 --> 00:38:09,912 that had not been able to be carried forth. 412 00:38:12,748 --> 00:38:16,419 [narrator] Caesar's first order of business is to feed a population 413 00:38:16,544 --> 00:38:18,421 that's on the brink of starvation. 414 00:38:19,588 --> 00:38:24,385 So he creates a new distribution system that delivers grain to the people. 415 00:38:25,761 --> 00:38:27,972 And he puts on a series of games, 416 00:38:28,514 --> 00:38:31,100 where gladiators fight to the death. 417 00:38:32,476 --> 00:38:35,146 [Irvin] The gladiatorial games that Caesar celebrated 418 00:38:35,229 --> 00:38:39,900 was on a massive scale that the Romans had only seen a couple of times previously. 419 00:38:39,984 --> 00:38:42,278 But it was really Julius Caesar himself 420 00:38:42,570 --> 00:38:46,115 who had perfected the use of gladiator contests 421 00:38:46,198 --> 00:38:49,285 as a way of mobilizing popular opinion. 422 00:38:51,287 --> 00:38:54,040 [narrator] These reforms bring stability back to Rome 423 00:38:54,957 --> 00:38:57,626 and earn Caesar the love of the people, 424 00:38:58,544 --> 00:39:01,380 something he's desired his entire career. 425 00:39:04,967 --> 00:39:07,720 Cesar wanted the support of the Roman people. 426 00:39:07,887 --> 00:39:10,931 He wanted to be seen as a legitimate ruler. 427 00:39:11,307 --> 00:39:15,227 He didn't want to be seen as a simple military tyrant. 428 00:39:19,148 --> 00:39:21,817 [narrator] While Caesar puts himself above the Senate, 429 00:39:23,402 --> 00:39:26,072 he still needs them to execute his orders. 430 00:39:29,033 --> 00:39:34,955 So he invites many of the younger nobles, like Brutus, to help draft his policies. 431 00:39:36,374 --> 00:39:39,919 [Strauss] Caesar is particularly eager to bring Brutus to his side. For one thing, of course, Brutus is the son of Caesar's 432 00:39:44,006 --> 00:39:46,592 longtime mistress, Servilia. 433 00:39:47,343 --> 00:39:52,098 But the other thing is that Brutus in some sense is Mr. Rome. 434 00:39:52,556 --> 00:39:55,643 Brutus, as the man who has the ancestry 435 00:39:55,726 --> 00:39:59,063 and a man who is universally respected by the Roman people, 436 00:39:59,146 --> 00:40:02,983 having Brutus on your side is a very valuable card to play, 437 00:40:03,192 --> 00:40:04,985 and Caesar wants to play it to the full. 438 00:40:06,904 --> 00:40:09,990 The Republic's changing. We need to change with it. 439 00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:12,827 That's something Pompey never accepted. 440 00:40:15,162 --> 00:40:18,332 And yet you sided with him and not me. 441 00:40:19,250 --> 00:40:20,251 Why? 442 00:40:23,671 --> 00:40:25,005 He had a larger army. 443 00:40:25,923 --> 00:40:27,299 More experience. 444 00:40:27,675 --> 00:40:28,884 The support of the Senate. 445 00:40:30,594 --> 00:40:32,012 And I didn't think you could win. 446 00:40:38,394 --> 00:40:41,480 Honesty is very hard to come by. 447 00:40:43,315 --> 00:40:44,483 Especially in the Senate. 448 00:40:48,571 --> 00:40:51,824 There are very few who understand what needs to be done, 449 00:40:51,907 --> 00:40:54,160 and even fewer who I trust. 450 00:40:58,706 --> 00:41:00,124 I want you... 451 00:41:01,167 --> 00:41:04,295 to oversee affairs here and in Gaul, 452 00:41:05,880 --> 00:41:09,592 make sure the local magistrates are implementing the new laws. 453 00:41:11,051 --> 00:41:13,179 And of course you'll need some authority, 454 00:41:14,555 --> 00:41:16,724 so I'll be appointing you governor. 455 00:41:18,642 --> 00:41:19,560 That's quite an honor. 456 00:41:20,644 --> 00:41:21,687 Then it's settled. 457 00:41:22,146 --> 00:41:24,899 It's just I don't think I'm eligible. I haven't held high enough office. 458 00:41:24,982 --> 00:41:26,984 I'll make sure the Senate approves your appointment. 459 00:41:34,992 --> 00:41:38,662 Caesar had given Brutus some preferential treatment. 460 00:41:38,746 --> 00:41:41,373 No doubt regard for Servilia, his mistress-- 461 00:41:41,957 --> 00:41:44,084 Even though their affair seems to have ended, 462 00:41:44,376 --> 00:41:47,004 they still had a strong friendship which lasted a long time. 463 00:42:02,061 --> 00:42:03,187 You look well. 464 00:42:13,447 --> 00:42:15,366 Aren't you going to offer me any wine? 465 00:42:15,950 --> 00:42:17,117 Yes, of course. 466 00:42:25,125 --> 00:42:26,502 How was Egypt? 467 00:42:28,462 --> 00:42:29,380 Memorable? 468 00:42:31,465 --> 00:42:33,551 I'm sure the pyramids were breathtaking. 469 00:42:48,941 --> 00:42:50,025 It's good to see you. 470 00:42:52,069 --> 00:42:53,862 I just wanted to say thank you. 471 00:42:55,489 --> 00:42:56,323 For what? 472 00:42:57,366 --> 00:42:59,368 Sparing Brutus's life.