1
00:00:00,360 --> 00:00:04,470
Glossy addresses start with binary 1 1 0.

2
00:00:04,680 --> 00:00:13,350
So once again this is not 110 in decimal but 1 1 0 in binary the 0.

3
00:00:13,350 --> 00:00:17,840
In this case is in the third but position in the first octet.

4
00:00:18,120 --> 00:00:26,460
So Class A had zero in the first but position clause be in the second and now Class C has the zero in

5
00:00:26,460 --> 00:00:34,290
the third position going through the combinations in the first octet will give us a range of 192 to

6
00:00:34,290 --> 00:00:35,810
2 to 3.

7
00:00:35,820 --> 00:00:44,330
So this is the range of class C addresses in class C addresses the first 24 bits he's next.

8
00:00:44,490 --> 00:00:47,090
The last 8 bits is host.

9
00:00:47,430 --> 00:00:55,680
So for an address of 1 and 2 1 6 8 but one that one we know that this is a Class C address because the

10
00:00:55,680 --> 00:01:00,220
first octet is in the range 1 9 2 2 2 3 3.

11
00:01:00,510 --> 00:01:08,190
So we have a class C address which means that the first 24 bits is network and the last 8 bits or octet

12
00:01:08,310 --> 00:01:11,250
is the host portion of the address.

13
00:01:11,250 --> 00:01:18,240
So in other words just by looking at an address you'll now be able to determine if it's close a Class

14
00:01:18,240 --> 00:01:22,890
B and Class C based on the ranges we've now discussed.

15
00:01:22,890 --> 00:01:28,110
You'll also be able to know which portion is network and which portion is host.

16
00:01:28,110 --> 00:01:37,110
But be careful has mentioned these clauses have been superseded by cyder we'll see IDR now Class D addresses

17
00:01:37,260 --> 00:01:45,480
are different to class A B and C Class A B and C are used for unicast traffic Clause D addresses are

18
00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:47,870
used for multicast traffic.

19
00:01:48,090 --> 00:01:54,140
Now with multicast addresses in the first octet the zero is in the fourth but position.

20
00:01:54,570 --> 00:02:03,390
So in these addresses the first three binary bits are set to 1 followed by binary 0 going through all

21
00:02:03,390 --> 00:02:04,600
the combinations.

22
00:02:04,650 --> 00:02:10,110
The range is from 2 to 4 to 239 in the first octet.

23
00:02:10,140 --> 00:02:15,590
So this is the range of multicast addresses in IP version 4.

24
00:02:15,840 --> 00:02:24,000
So here's an example address 2:39 dot one dot one dot one is a private to multicast address which could

25
00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:27,640
be used internally within your organization.

26
00:02:27,660 --> 00:02:34,740
Other examples of multicast addresses include well known multicast addresses for routing protocols such

27
00:02:34,740 --> 00:02:45,980
as SPF the OSPF writing protocol uses multicast to do for data 0.04 five and two to 4.00 added six.

28
00:02:46,260 --> 00:02:54,540
These multi-course in the 3:58 range are known as a link a local multi costs as these multi costs do

29
00:02:54,540 --> 00:03:03,210
not propagate off the local link or local segment and multi-course in this range are often used by writing

30
00:03:03,210 --> 00:03:08,610
protocols such as OSPF rap and others a multicast implies.

31
00:03:08,610 --> 00:03:17,700
Once again that one device hes talking to a group of devices rather than one to one communication plus

32
00:03:17,790 --> 00:03:20,930
email addresses or reserved addresses.

33
00:03:21,030 --> 00:03:32,220
They start with four binary ones and on the range to $40.00 ero all the way to 255 255 255 255 which

34
00:03:32,220 --> 00:03:35,270
is a reserved address for broadcasts.

35
00:03:35,340 --> 00:03:41,220
We'll talk about broadcasts in a moment but once again the important piece to understand here is that

36
00:03:41,220 --> 00:03:50,430
Clauss addresses on the range to 40 to 255 in the first octet class addresses are reserved addresses

37
00:03:50,520 --> 00:03:54,190
for both testing and other purposes.

38
00:03:54,240 --> 00:03:59,880
So a class 8 race uses the first 8 bits as the network portion.

39
00:03:59,910 --> 00:04:03,400
So in a pure class you address the first 8 bits on network.

40
00:04:03,420 --> 00:04:06,860
So in this example we've got network 10.0 does 0.0.

41
00:04:07,020 --> 00:04:13,620
So that's the network address and we have an IP address of 10 to 1 or 2 to 3 which is the address configured

42
00:04:13,620 --> 00:04:14,870
on a host.

43
00:04:14,880 --> 00:04:17,180
So this is the host portion of the address.

44
00:04:17,310 --> 00:04:24,630
And this is the network portion of the address plus a networks are once again in the range 1 to 126

45
00:04:24,870 --> 00:04:26,240
in the first octet.

46
00:04:26,490 --> 00:04:31,710
So if a router such as the one in this picture receives traffic going to an IP address of 10 that 1

47
00:04:31,710 --> 00:04:38,630
to 1 to 1 the Radu would know that the host is on network 10 because this is a class A network.

48
00:04:38,910 --> 00:04:44,910
So in this case it would route the traffic to the left hand side in the same way if it receives traffic

49
00:04:44,910 --> 00:04:51,990
going to an address of 12. one would wonder when it knows that the host is on network 12 and it would

50
00:04:51,990 --> 00:04:54,920
therefore rumped the traffic to the right hand side.

51
00:04:54,960 --> 00:04:59,490
This is the reason why two hosts can have the same host portion.

52
00:04:59,490 --> 00:05:06,870
So in pull the host portion is one dot one dot one because they are on different networks the network

53
00:05:06,870 --> 00:05:08,330
portion is different.

54
00:05:09,060 --> 00:05:11,820
The Rodek can use the colossal network.

55
00:05:11,820 --> 00:05:19,130
In other words the first octet consisting of ten or 12 to differentiate between multiple networks.

56
00:05:19,140 --> 00:05:25,200
So in this case it's routing on the first 8 bits of the address with Clasby networks.

57
00:05:25,290 --> 00:05:28,970
The first 8 bits denotes the network portion of the address.

58
00:05:29,070 --> 00:05:33,150
So in this example 1 7 to 16 is the network portion.

59
00:05:33,150 --> 00:05:39,380
So this is the network address and our host may have an address such as one 17:16 one or two.

60
00:05:39,510 --> 00:05:47,880
So one or two is the host portion of the address Clauss be networks on the range 128 to 191 in the first

61
00:05:47,880 --> 00:05:48,950
octet.

62
00:05:48,960 --> 00:05:56,850
So in the same way as the previous example a Rodek can rant traffic to an address of 1 7 $2.60 or 1.1

63
00:05:57,030 --> 00:06:03,420
because it knows that the network is 1 7 to 16 and it can therefore react to the traffic to the left

64
00:06:03,420 --> 00:06:09,240
hand side traffic going to host 1 7 2 Doctah 17 dot 1.1.

65
00:06:09,330 --> 00:06:16,680
He's Rodek to the right hand side because the network portion is 177 team whereas this host with IP

66
00:06:16,680 --> 00:06:24,390
address 1 7 2 or 16 not one to one has the network portion of 1 7 2 to 16 routers can run it correctly

67
00:06:24,390 --> 00:06:27,660
once again even though the host portion is the same.

68
00:06:27,660 --> 00:06:30,420
In other words in this example its 1.1.

69
00:06:30,510 --> 00:06:33,510
But in this case the network portion is different.

70
00:06:33,570 --> 00:06:35,910
So rafting takes place correctly.

71
00:06:36,060 --> 00:06:42,150
The router knows that these two hosts are on separate networks because the network portion is different

72
00:06:42,690 --> 00:06:49,950
and in the addresses one to once exec 1.0 would be a network address a host address would be something

73
00:06:49,950 --> 00:06:59,380
like 1 9 2 2 1 6 8 or 1.1 glossy addresses on the range 192 to 2G 3 in the first octet.

74
00:06:59,610 --> 00:07:06,600
So once again there are two devices in this example and they have the same host portion.

75
00:07:06,600 --> 00:07:12,250
In other words not one but the network portion of these two host addresses is different.

76
00:07:12,450 --> 00:07:16,080
On the left hand side we have 1 9 2 8 1 6 8 1.

77
00:07:16,290 --> 00:07:25,590
And on the right hand side we have 1 9 2 1 6 8 2 2 in class C addresses the first 24 bits for the first

78
00:07:25,740 --> 00:07:29,750
three octets of an address notes network.

79
00:07:30,030 --> 00:07:36,900
And the last octet or last 8 bits denotes host portion in a class C network.