1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,000 Now that my PC is connected to the console port of a Cisco router 2 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:08,000 let’s have a look at the initial startup 3 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:14,000 now some tips, if you don’t get any output on the screen of your PC 4 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:19,000 when you connect to the Cisco router or switch, check your cabling 5 00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:21,000 so make sure that your cables are connected properly 6 00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:25,000 make sure that the power is connected to the Cisco router switch correctly 7 00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:33,000 make sure that the console cable is connected to the console port and not to another port 8 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:36,000 Make sure that you’ve turn the router on. 9 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:40,000 So as an example you need to push the power on switch on a router 10 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:45,000 typically low end switches don’t have a power on button 11 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:49,000 so its simply connect the power cable to the switch and would boot up 12 00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:54,000 but on the router, typically you need to turn the router on of connecting power. 13 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:58,000 So now let’s watch the startup process on this router. 14 00:00:58,000 --> 00:01:06,000 The first thing I'm going to do is reboot the router by using the reload command. 15 00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:09,000 I don’t wanna to save any configuration on this router because 16 00:01:09,000 --> 00:01:15,000 I want you to see what a router looks like, when it boots up with no configuration. 17 00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:21,000 So I’m gonna say no for saving the config and I'll hit enter to confirm 18 00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:23,000 that I want to proceed with the reload. 19 00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:28,000 We can now see that the reload was requested, so if you're connected 20 00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:33,000 to the console of a router and turned on the router. 21 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:39,000 You would see something similar to this on your screen from a router that just booted up. 22 00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:43,000 What you can see in the output, in this example is that 23 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:48,000 the router has 131072 kilobytes of memory. 24 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:57,000 If we take that and divide by 1024, we can see that it gives us a value of 128 mega of RAM 25 00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:03,000 which doesn’t seem much when compared to the gigabytes of RAM in PC's today. 26 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:08,000 This is a 2801 router and you can see that over here. 27 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:12,000 the router is decompressing the image, so it's booting up the image 28 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:17,000 in the output we can see which IOS software the router is using 29 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:24,000 we can see the version and we can see that this is 2801 router software. 30 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:29,000 We can see once again that this is a Cisco 2801 router 31 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:33,000 we can see how much RAM has been installed in the router 32 00:02:33,000 --> 00:02:40,000 now you need to add these 2 values together and when divided by 1024 33 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:45,000 we can work out the Megs of RAM installed in the router. 34 00:02:45,000 --> 00:02:52,000 The value showing here are in kilobytes, so you need to divide by 1024 35 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:55,000 to convert it into megabytes, so in this example 36 00:02:55,000 --> 00:03:01,000 the router has a 128 meg of RAM and this is a 2801 router. 37 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:08,000 In this example the router has 2 Ethernet interfaces and 2 serial interfaces. 38 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:12,000 You can also see the amount of flash installed in the router. 39 00:03:12,000 --> 00:03:18,000 So in this example we’ve got 62592 kilobytes of flash available. 40 00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:25,000 you can also see the amount of NVRAM available which is very, very small in comparison 41 00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:31,000 there’s only 191 kilobytes of NVRAM available. 42 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:36,000 Now in this example the router is trying to boot with the configuration 43 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:42,000 found on a TFTP server, so it's sending out a broadcast looking for a TFTP server 44 00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:48,000 that has a network config file or Cisco net.cfg file available. 45 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:52,000 this is actually been around for many years and was called slarp 46 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:59,000 what the routers trying to do essentially is trying find the config on a TFTP server 47 00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:01,000 and then boot up with that configuration. 48 00:04:01,000 --> 00:04:06,000 We’re not interested in using that at the moment, in this example 49 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:12,000 there is no TFTP server available on the network with those configuration files. 50 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:17,000 The next thing that displays is the initial configuration dialogue. 51 00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:24,000 Now as mentioned most Cisco engineers will not use the initial configuration dialogue. 52 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:28,000 I’m just gonna show it to you now so you can see what’s its all about 53 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:34,000 but in the real world it’s unlikely that you going to use this for most deployments. 54 00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:38,000 so in this example I’m gonna say yes and notice we're told 55 00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:42,000 that we can use question mark for help at any time. 56 00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:48,000 Control c will break out of the initial configuration dialogue. 57 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:51,000 So it’s worth remembering that control c 58 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:55,000 allows you to abort this configuration dialogue at any prompt. 59 00:04:55,000 --> 00:05:02,000 The word in square brackets is the default, so if you just hit enter at any prompt 60 00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:04,000 that’s the option that’s gonna be selected. 61 00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:09,000 I’m gonna answer no for basic management set up 62 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:12,000 but say yes to see the interfaces available. 63 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,000 I can now see an interface list. 64 00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:16,000 So we can now see as an example 65 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:21,000 that the router got an IP address on its serial interface. 66 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:26,000 we didn’t configure that, notice the method selected is slarp 67 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:33,000 the router try to connect via its serial interface to a TFTP server 68 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:38,000 to get an initial configuration that however timed out in our example. 69 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:43,000 I'll give a router a name such as R1 in this example 70 00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:46,000 now we're going to discuss passwords in more detail later. 71 00:05:46,000 --> 00:05:51,000 There are different types of passwords but for now let’s just give 72 00:05:51,000 --> 00:05:56,000 the router a secret password and enable password of Cisco 1. 73 00:05:56,000 --> 00:06:02,000 In brief, a secret password is encrypted and should be used and enable password 74 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:09,000 is shown in clear text in the running and saved configuration of a Cisco device 75 00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:13,000 and generally shouldn’t be used in today’s environments. 76 00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:20,000 We’ll talk more about passwords and how to secure your devices in another video. 77 00:06:20,000 --> 00:06:25,000 VTY lines are used for telnet and SSH connections 78 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:28,000 so we can set up virtual terminal passwords here 79 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:33,000 I'll give the router a password of cisco, obviously in this example 80 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:37,000 I’m using very simple passwords, in the real world 81 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:42,000 you would use much better passwords than a password of cisco, I hope. 82 00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:49,000 Let’s say no to configuring SNMP network management, Simple Network Management Protocol 83 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:54,000 or SNMP can be used by central management stations for the management 84 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:59,000 of multiple network devices as well as gathering statistics 85 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:06,000 of CPU, utilization, network interface utilization and others statistic. 86 00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:10,000 I’m gonna saying no to the configuration of IP 87 00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:14,000 in this example I’m gonna say no to CLNS which is a protocol 88 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:18,000 that you probably won't encounter unless you're running a router protocols 89 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:26,000 such as ISIS I'll also say no to bridging, we don’t wanna turn this router into a bridge. 90 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:30,000 Now in this example the router has an old ISDN interface 91 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:34,000 so their are various options that allows to configure the ISDN 92 00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:40,000 but in today’s world ISDN is not typically used, so we gonna skip all the options here. 93 00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:43,000 So well just go with the defaults showing here 94 00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:47,000 but we won't worry about configuring ISDN at all in these videos. 95 00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:53,000 We're then prompted if we wanna configure the first FastEthernet interface on the router. 96 00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:58,000 What I want you to see is that the router is prompting you with multiple questions 97 00:07:58,000 --> 00:08:04,000 to help you configure the device and depending on how your answers the various questions. 98 00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:07,000 The router will prompt you for more information 99 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:12,000 on how to configure various options on the device.