1
00:00:00,740 --> 00:00:03,160
It's also a single broadcast domain.

2
00:00:03,170 --> 00:00:10,430
In other words if a device like a sends a broadcast everyone in the network would receive that broadcast

3
00:00:10,580 --> 00:00:15,620
and would need to process the broadcast when a device receives a broadcast.

4
00:00:15,620 --> 00:00:21,260
It will process it in other words it will receive it on the network interface card and then forward

5
00:00:21,260 --> 00:00:24,420
it to upper layers in the model.

6
00:00:24,470 --> 00:00:31,670
So as an example the you know central processing unit of a PC would be interrupted when a PC receives

7
00:00:31,670 --> 00:00:32,890
the broadcast.

8
00:00:32,930 --> 00:00:40,190
So if device A starts jabbering in other words starts sending many many broadcasts on to the network

9
00:00:40,430 --> 00:00:46,100
those broadcasts would be received by all the devices in the network and every device would be interrupted

10
00:00:46,310 --> 00:00:48,380
and would have to process the broadcast.

11
00:00:48,380 --> 00:00:54,750
So the Seabee use of every PC would be interrupted by every broadcast sent by a.

12
00:00:54,950 --> 00:01:00,860
And would need to process that broadcast if we're sending a broadcast but the traffic was only intended

13
00:01:00,860 --> 00:01:06,910
will be both C and D would still have to receive that broadcast processor and drop it.

14
00:01:06,950 --> 00:01:13,090
But the problem is they C-p use were interrupted which may cause the PC to slow down.

15
00:01:13,190 --> 00:01:20,390
Thus because of the issues with regard to maximum segment length maximum hosts on a segment and cable

16
00:01:20,390 --> 00:01:26,900
breaks 10 base to is replaced with 10 base t 10 base T uses unshielded twisted pair.

17
00:01:27,050 --> 00:01:32,440
It's very unlikely that you're going to encounter 10 base two in today's networks.

18
00:01:32,540 --> 00:01:40,130
So 10 base T or twisted PE Ethan It refers to the use of cable that contains insulated copper wires

19
00:01:40,460 --> 00:01:45,040
twisted together in pairs with a maximum distance of 100 meters.

20
00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:52,040
The cable is a lot thinner and more flexible than coaxial cable which was used in both 10 base 2 and

21
00:01:52,040 --> 00:02:00,300
10 base five networks and 10 base t we tend to use unshielded twisted cables shielded twisted cables

22
00:02:00,310 --> 00:02:07,520
may be used in noisy environments where there's a shield around each pair of wires plus an overrule

23
00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:14,090
shield around the cables to protect them against excessive electrical magnetic interference.

24
00:02:14,090 --> 00:02:20,110
This may be caused as an example way network cables are close to electrical cables.

25
00:02:20,330 --> 00:02:22,590
So additional protection is required.

26
00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:29,390
But most networks tend to use unshielded twisted pay where the cables are not shielded against interference

27
00:02:29,390 --> 00:02:30,980
in the same way.

28
00:02:30,980 --> 00:02:37,820
Once again 10 base T means 10 megabits per second base means baseband rather than broadband.

29
00:02:38,050 --> 00:02:42,630
Te means twisted pair with a maximum segment size of 100 meters.

30
00:02:42,710 --> 00:02:50,300
The connectors used Arjay 45 connectors as seen here and you've probably connected an RJ 45 connected

31
00:02:50,300 --> 00:02:55,470
to your pc many times in the past on shielded twisted pay.

32
00:02:55,560 --> 00:03:03,060
All you T-P is a set of four pairs of wires with each wire in a PE being twisted around the other to

33
00:03:03,060 --> 00:03:05,930
prevent electromagnetic interference.

34
00:03:05,970 --> 00:03:10,470
As an example notice here we have a price to pay for pays.

35
00:03:10,510 --> 00:03:18,460
Make up the UDP used in Ethernet each wire has a color coded plastic insulation and the wires on it

36
00:03:18,470 --> 00:03:22,380
inside and out a jacket in an Ethernet environment.

37
00:03:22,380 --> 00:03:26,760
The wires connect to an RJ 45 connector as shown here.

38
00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:35,160
The advantage of UDP on Twisted PE is it's less expensive and easier to install than other cabling implementations

39
00:03:35,160 --> 00:03:38,600
such as shielded twisted PE or coaxial cable.

40
00:03:38,610 --> 00:03:42,580
There are various categories of GP which I'll talk about in a moment.

41
00:03:42,690 --> 00:03:48,890
The maximum distance is 100 metres without the use of a signal regeneration device such as a Hubbell's

42
00:03:48,890 --> 00:03:49,920
switch.

43
00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:56,360
So this is the type of cabling you'll probably encounter many many times in your networking career.

44
00:03:56,790 --> 00:03:59,630
UDP users Arjay 45 connectors.

45
00:03:59,670 --> 00:04:04,150
So let's talk about the pin positions on an RJ 45 connector.

46
00:04:04,170 --> 00:04:12,210
There are two main implementations which are te 5 6 8 A and T 5 6 8 B and there's a slight difference

47
00:04:12,210 --> 00:04:15,280
with the pairing of cabling in each implementation.

48
00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:24,960
TIAA III a 5 6 8 was developed to define standards for telecommunications cabling systems UIA is the

49
00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:29,570
electronic industry alliance and is a standards based organization.

50
00:04:29,700 --> 00:04:30,620
TIAA A.

51
00:04:30,670 --> 00:04:38,640
Yeah a 5 6 8 see attempts to define structured cabling standards so the difference between a and b is

52
00:04:38,640 --> 00:04:40,030
the pairing of cabling.

53
00:04:40,030 --> 00:04:45,810
No it isn't a white green stripe and green solid or connected to pins 1 and 2.

54
00:04:46,020 --> 00:04:47,690
Where as in B.

55
00:04:47,700 --> 00:04:52,390
White orange stripe and solid orange are connected to one and two.

56
00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:58,910
So they are subtle differences between the cabling of orange and green in five six a day and 5:06 a

57
00:04:58,950 --> 00:04:59,470
B.

58
00:04:59,670 --> 00:05:03,420
Now this will make no difference as both configurations.

59
00:05:03,420 --> 00:05:06,520
Wire the pin straight through.

60
00:05:06,540 --> 00:05:10,280
In other words pin one goes to pin one on both sides of the cable.

61
00:05:10,280 --> 00:05:13,440
Point two goes to pintu and so forth and so on.

62
00:05:13,530 --> 00:05:20,860
So notice on pin 1 it's white green in six a day but is white orange in five six a B.

63
00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:27,090
The most popular implementation tends to be B but it'll make no difference which one is used as long

64
00:05:27,090 --> 00:05:29,660
as both sides are connected straight through.

65
00:05:30,060 --> 00:05:36,540
Now you could purchase pre-made cables or you may decide to crimp your own cables pre-made cables tend

66
00:05:36,540 --> 00:05:42,300
to be more expensive but have the advantage that they've been tested as well as the advantage that you

67
00:05:42,300 --> 00:05:43,970
don't have to make them yourself.

68
00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:50,040
Crimping tables yourself is cheaper and you can make your cables for the lengths that you require when

69
00:05:50,040 --> 00:05:51,620
crimping your own cables.

70
00:05:51,630 --> 00:05:58,440
You need to separate each individual colored wire in the right order and then stick each colored wire

71
00:05:58,620 --> 00:06:02,170
into the appropriate slot on the RJ 45 connector.

72
00:06:02,340 --> 00:06:05,040
You then use a crimping tool to crimp the wire.

73
00:06:05,190 --> 00:06:10,590
And finally don't forget to make sure that you test your cable to ensure that you've crimped it correctly

74
00:06:11,230 --> 00:06:11,740
straight through.

75
00:06:11,740 --> 00:06:18,180
Cable is a type of twisted pick copper cable which you're going to find very often in local area networks

76
00:06:18,180 --> 00:06:25,470
all lands in a standard straight through cable each pin of the connector on one end is connected to

77
00:06:25,470 --> 00:06:28,890
the corresponding pin on the other connector.

78
00:06:28,890 --> 00:06:39,150
In other words pin 1 on the MDI device in this case a PC is connected to pin one on an MDX device which

79
00:06:39,150 --> 00:06:40,530
in this case is a hub.

80
00:06:40,830 --> 00:06:50,610
Pin 2 connects to pin 2 pin 3 to pin 3 and so forth and so on MDI all media independent interface is

81
00:06:50,610 --> 00:06:57,660
an Ethernet port connection typically used on Network Interface Cards or Pnyx of PCs.

82
00:06:57,720 --> 00:07:06,690
MDI is also used by routers and can be used on uplink ports on ethernet switches on certain older switches.

83
00:07:06,750 --> 00:07:12,930
You'll see a button normally on the uplink port that allows you to change how that port operates so

84
00:07:12,930 --> 00:07:17,130
you can change the mode from MDI to MDI X or back again.

85
00:07:17,130 --> 00:07:22,620
This allows you to connect to one switch to another switch using a straight through cable rather than

86
00:07:22,620 --> 00:07:26,530
using a crossover cable which I'll mention in a moment.

87
00:07:26,610 --> 00:07:33,690
So in the past you may have connected your PC to a hub such as these two using a straight through cable.

88
00:07:33,690 --> 00:07:39,810
Now straight through cables are used to in situations where you connect a PC to a switch or a PC to

89
00:07:39,810 --> 00:07:42,250
a bridge or a PC to a hub.

90
00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:46,890
I'm going to explain how these devices work in a moment and the differences between a hub bridge and

91
00:07:46,890 --> 00:07:53,040
switch but from a cabling point of view you would use a straight through cable from your PC to one of

92
00:07:53,040 --> 00:08:00,920
these devices in the past when connecting devices of the same type such as PCs or two routers a crossover

93
00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:02,770
cable would be used.

94
00:08:02,810 --> 00:08:07,530
So in this case rather than the pins being straight they crossed.

95
00:08:07,610 --> 00:08:10,610
So in this example we have two MDI devices.

96
00:08:10,640 --> 00:08:16,830
In other words two PCs which need to communicate and thus a crossover cable would be required.

97
00:08:16,850 --> 00:08:27,020
This is an example for 10 base T or 100 base T-Max in this example pins 4 5 7 and 8 are not used but

98
00:08:27,020 --> 00:08:38,330
notice pin one is crossed with pin 3 pin two with pin 6 pin 3 with pin 1 and pin 6 with Pente.

99
00:08:38,330 --> 00:08:47,480
In other words the T-Rex or transmat and aurochs will receive are correctly cabled so that x plus is

100
00:08:47,480 --> 00:08:55,520
connected to or X plus and so forth and so on pins 4 5 7 and 8 are configured in the straight through

101
00:08:55,520 --> 00:08:57,470
format but are unused.

102
00:08:57,470 --> 00:08:58,370
In this example.