So to configure a port on a switch as a trunk port supporting Cisco IP phones you would do the following.
So first the on off switch.
Well in this case the U.S. 500 I'm going to top the command show the LAN switch to see villans as you
can see here we've got a default LAN and we've got our voice feline which is Bil'in to all interfaces
are currently in the native land.
In other words the default Bil'in So going into global configuration mode I can become Come on interface
range if zero slash one slash one up to three and then I can type the command switchboard trunk encapsulation
and then specify an encapsulation.
Now in the past we may have chosen ISIL or editor or one key subscriber earphones only support one key.
So we get to specify one key that I'm going to say switchboard mode trunk to force these ports to trunk
and then switch port trunk native villaine one then I'm going to type switchboard with voice plan and
in our case it's vigilante tapping the command do show run interface if 0 1 slash 1 will show me the
running configuration of that specific port.
I remember default commands don't show up in the running config.
So you won't necessarily see all the commands we've just typed because some of them are they by default
but as you can see here the port is trunking and the voice line is Vicente.
The problem here is that all the lands will be allowed across the sea port which could potentially cause
that issue where broad costs affect the processing of Cisco IP phones.
So we should manually prune the trunk.
So I'm going to to the command Switchfoot trunk allowed the plan and then I'm going to specify the villains
that are allowed on certain switches you might only need to specify the voice Villon but in the U.S.
500 I'm going to specify all the default villans Plus the voice of the land now tapping the command
do show run and the specific interface shows me that I'm only allowing the native land Bil'in one on
Ethernet Berlanti which is my voice villain and the other default villans supported on Cisco switches.
So once again do show villans switch will allow me to see those default the lens one is the default
the Ethernet.
And then we have the villains for AFTI and Token Ring.
So that's all you can figure an interface to support trunking.
It's no longer recommended.
But if you have an older switch you may need to configure it in this way.
Last Yakutat the command show interface if 0 1 slash 1 switchboard and notice you can see here that
the administrative mode is trunk the operational mode at the moment is trunk and kept solution has dropped
one key.
The native land is villaine one which is the default.
The villains enabled across this interface all 1 to 1000 to 1005 the active villains at the moment of
the 1 and 2.
The voice the lion is the Leonti the recommended way to implement IP phones in a network infrastructure
is to use multiple the land access ports.
In this example we are configuring the port on the switch as an excess port but still configuring TV
lands on that port.
The phone will be in the voice Fillon and the PC will be in the data villaine tagged frame's will be
sent to the phone so edited or one key frames are still used.
Even though this is an access port untagged frames are sent to the PC.
Now this flies in the face of what you learned in this CCMA course in the CCMA course we learnt then
an access port belongs to a single plan that is not the case in this scenario.
In this scenario the access port has to villans configured on it.
Now there are multiple advantages to this method of implementation.
The first one is that a multivalent access port can be configured as a secure port unlike the previous
example where we configured the port as a trunk.
The voice of an ID can also be discovered through CTP or L-L DP.
So the manual configuration of villans on the phone is not required.
It also allows for scalability from an IP addressing point of view.
The issue that you may encounter in the real world is that if a glossy address has been allocated to
your PCs and let's say using 80 percent of your addresses say 80 percent of the IP addresses and that
subnet have been allocated to physical devices like PCs and now you Ed Cisco IP phones to the mix youre
centrally doubling the amount of devices that you only have 20 percent of the IP addresses remaining
in that subnet.
So you cannot put the phones and the PC in the same subnet without redoing your IP addressing.
However if you put your phones into a separate subnet that doesn't affect the IP addressing of the PCs
so you allocate a separate subnet for IP phones and the IP subnet allocated to the PCs is left alone.
Theres also a logical separation of voice and data traffic because the phones on a separate subnet to
the PCs it's easier to implement quality of service it's easier to implement your access lists and it's
easier to implement security.
So that's a major advantage to separating the phones in the PCs into separate subnets two devices can
also be connected to a single port on the switch which minimizes cabling.
Your PC is physically connected to the phone which is physically connected to the switch across a single
cable.
However logically the phone and the PC on separate cables because they are indifferent to the lens but
physically you saving on cabling the multiple Bil'in access port.
Implementation tends to be the most common in the real world and is the recommended way to implement
IP phones to configure a multiple violent access port on an interface.
Do the following so on you see 500 or an off switch are going to top the C'mon show Villon switch to
see the villans configured at the moment we have Bil'in one configured on ports.
If 0 1 0 2 0 1 slash 8 no interfaces on the voice Villon I can also do the come on show run interface
if 0 1 slash 1 to show you the configuration on this interface.
And you can see just defaulted the configuration all ports are in excess VLAN 1.
So going into a global config mode and tapping on interface range if 0 1 0 1 2 3 in other words we're
going to configure the three ports that have IP phones connected to them.
I cannot type the command switchboard mode access making these ports access ports which is the default.
And I can tap the command switchboard voice with the land and switchboard access villaine one now typing
the command show run interface if 0 1 slash 1 shows me that that interface has been configured with
a voice VLAN.
We don't see the native land or the data plan or the access to the LAN because Villon one is the default
reelin and default configurations don't show up in the running config.
But topping the command show interface of zero once one switch port allows me to see the voice and data
we learn more clearly.
So on the interface it's been configured as a static access port and is acting as a static access port.
The access to the plan is villaine one the default and notice the voice feelin is villaine too.
So even though the operational mode is static access in other words this is acting as an access port.
We are allowing billons one in two across this port.
The fourth way to implement IP phones is to use a 2.1.
He now $82 1 p frame's use the three boats in the edited or 1 Q header to allow for the prioritization
of voice traffic over data traffic.
There are three beds in an editor or one to header called the costs or loss of service.
Let's talk more about these later.
Essentially editor 1 p allows for the mocking of voice traffic with a value of five in the course feel
allowing the switch to see voice traffic has higher priority than data traffic and with a single villain
access port using editor 1.
P The interface is in a single the LAN.
So both the phone and the PC are in the land too but the phone is going to send tagged frames to the
switch.
Now because this is a standard access port the phone uses a special the land number in the edit to the
one Q header to allow for the use of a read through one keyframes.
Now just to recap from the CCMA was a standard Ethan at frame as a source and destination field a length
for each time the data and then a frame check sequence when edited or one cue is used.
A tag is inserted between the source and destination address and the length and either taught field.
That tag consists of four bytes 16 bits is the tag protocol identifier and then the remaining 16 bits
consist of the priority code point or priority field.
The canonical format indicator and the villain ID now editor 1 p specifies the meaning of the priority
field or class of service or Crossfield the property code point field is three bits in length.
In other words the binary values are from triple 0 to triple 1 and decimal values is 0 2 7.
The high priority value the more important the traffic and thus voice will have a binary value of 1
0 1 or the equivalent decimal value of 5.
So the phone is sending a 2 to 1 keyframes to the switch on an access port with the cost field or priority
code point field set to 5.
In other words it's sending an edit to the one frame to the switch.
Now just to reiterate terminology an editor or one cue header is inserted in the Ethan frame which looks
as follows.
Edit 2 to 1 p denotes the meaning or values of the already feel or cause feel the value specified here.
Form part of the recommendations of Ada to the one P..
So once again Ed. 1 p specifies the different classes or values of the priority field in an attitude
or one queue header.
The phone is setting the value of the cost field to 5 when sending frame's to the switch.
The switch therefore knows that traffic from the phone has a higher priority than traffic from the PC.
Now that explains how one can be used for quality of service.
But in this example this is an access port.
In other words it's not a trunk port.
It's an access port.
Only one villain has been configured on this port Vila and 2.
So when sending traffic to the switch a villain number has to be specified by the phone and a villain
number used in this case is a villain Zerah the switch therefore knows that when it receives an editor
the one Q frame with the villain number set to 0 that the phone still belongs to the villain configured
on this port as the access villain.
So all traffic from the phone and the PC reside in the Leonti the phone is not in a separate Bil'in
to the PC they both belong to be Leonti.
Thus the use of the special Bil'in of zero when sending editor or one keyframes to the switch on this
access port.
So to configure EDOT 2 to 1 p on an access port you need to do the following.
So before configuring the switch or the U.S. 500 Let's have a look at our villans.
So as you can see here all interfaces on the default Bil'in of the line one once again show run interface
if zero once one shows us that the interface has a default configuration on it going into global config
mode tapping typing interface the range.
If 0 1 stash 1 2 3 the interfaces that have iPhones connected to them I can type the command switch
Ford mode access.
So these ports are not going to be configured as trunk's they configure it as access ports switch port
voice the LAN dot one.
You specify the use of dot one on these ports.
Switch port access in the land to noticed we are not specifying a voice Vilanova up.
We are specifying an Access Villano of T.
So once again show run interface if 0 1 slash 1 shows me that this port is in the land too.
It's an access port but we are using edited a one p on this interface.
The phones will transmit traffic to the switch as tag frames using Wheatland zero in the real identifier.
Both the phone and the PC are in the land to that concludes part 1 of our discussion of the Cisco phone
startup process.
We discussed how an IP phone obtains power Aviles information is provided to the phone using CTP or
L-L DP in the next part we are going to continue the discussion by looking at how an IP phone acquires
an IP address downloads its firmware and configuration and registers with a C UCM will also discuss
the signalling protocols of skinny and thank you for watching.