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<font face="Monotype Corsiva" color=#D900D9"> © anoXmous </ font>
<font face="Monotype Corsiva" color=#D900D9"> @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud </font>

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Vast open plains.

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Immense spaces.

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Eerie silence.

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But any feeling of emptiness is an illusion.

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The plains of our planet support
the greatest gatherings of wildlife on Earth.

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At the heart of all that happens here
is a single living thing.

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Grass.

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This miraculous plant covers
a quarter of all the lands of the Earth.

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Grasslands exist wherever there is a little rain,
but not enough to sustain a forest.

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Some are huge.

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The Central Asian Steppe alone
extends one third of the way around our planet.

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It's summer,
and eagles effortlessly cruise the thermals,

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scanning the ground beneath for signs of prey.

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In the distant reaches of outer Mongolia,

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one of the planet's great migrations is underway.

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Few people ever see
this extraordinary annual event.

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Mongolian gazelle.

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Two million are thought to live here,
but no one really knows.

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For much of the time,
they're scattered through this vast landscape,

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but once a year they come together
to have their young.

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Nearly all will give birth within the next 10 days.

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0ut in the open,
communal calving is the safest way to have young.

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With so many pairs of eyes keeping watch,

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it's almost impossible for predators to sneak up.

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There are no bushes, no trees.
There's only one thing to hide behind.

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Grass.

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And it's not very effective.

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Predators also have a hard time
raising their young on open grassland.

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Without trees,
eagles have to nest directly on the ground.

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All the inhabitants of the Great Plains
are exposed to the elements.

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Fire sparks panic in the herd.

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Gazelles are born to run

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and even young calves easily outpace the flames,

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if they can avoid being trampled.

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With nothing to stand in its way,

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the blaze consumes anything that can't flee.

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Huge quantities of grass, valuable food,
have been lost.

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And with it, the old and the weak.

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The gazelles move on to new pastures
and leave the desolation behind them.

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From the ashes rises the phoenix.

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Grass, the incredible survivor.

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Because it grows from a protected part
at the base of its stems,

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grass is almost indestructible.

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Able to repair and reproduce itself rapidly,

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it covers more of the Earth's land
than any other plant

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and feeds more wildlife than any other.

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Red-billed quelea.

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0ne and a half billion
swarm across the savannahs of Africa.

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These are the most numerous birds on Earth.

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Some flocks are so vast

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that they can take five hours to pass overhead.

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0nly grass can feed plagues of these proportions.

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The ravenous hordes devour the seeds.

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And the leaves and stems are cropped
by great herds of antelope.

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The East African savannahs alone
sustain nearly two million wildebeest.

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They trim the grass down to its roots,
leaving little in their wake,

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but within days the plant will recover

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and continue to sustain
the biggest herds on Earth.

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Grass is not confined to the tropics.

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It manages to grow
even in the bitter conditions of the Arctic.

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Beyond the limits of the last tree,
the planet is barren and ice-locked.

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A frozen no-man's land at the end of the Earth.

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But for a short time each year,
the long, dark winter releases its grip.

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Temperatures rise

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and grass that has lain dormant and frozen
throughout the winter sprouts once more.

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Green returns to the Arctic.

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The receding ice reveals
an immense flat plain the size of Australia.

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This is the Arctic tundra.

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It's a desolate, silent wilderness.

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But it's about to change.

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Snow geese.

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They winter along the Gulf of Mexico,

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and in spring they fly
the entire length of North America

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to reach the Arctic tundra.

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Five million birds make this journey every year.

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Their marathon migration
is almost 3,000 miles long

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and has taken them three months.

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Exhausted and starving,
they touch down inside the Arctic Circle,

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back at their traditional breeding grounds at last.

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Snow geese pair for life.

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As soon as couples arrive,
they must stake a claim to a nesting patch.

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Ideal sites are in short supply
and quarrelsome neighbours are all around.

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Disputes can be vicious.

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Point taken!

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It's a long way to travel, but for a short period,
the tundra is the ideal place for a grazer.

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The grass grows vigorously
during the short, intense summer

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and there are fewer predators than further south.

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Here, geese can nest on the ground
in relative safety.

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Nonetheless, this female must incubate
her eggs for three weeks

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and throughout this time
she will be very vulnerable.

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An Arctic fox surveys the colony.

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She's been waiting for the geese all winter.

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Sneaking up unnoticed is impossible.

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Perhaps fortune will favour the bold.

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The colony is well-defended.
There are no easy pickings here.

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She's driven away from every nest,
but hunger compels her to continue.

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There are more eggs here
than she can possibly eat now.

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But the nesting season is short.

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So she stashes much of her plunder
for later in the year

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when all the geese have gone.

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Further south,
other bigger predators prowl the tundra.

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Wolves.

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For them, finding food on the plains
is an even greater challenge.

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Not only is their prey seasonal,
it's also hard to find.

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They've been searching for days without a sign.

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Somewhere in this immense landscape
there is food for them.

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This is it. Caribou.

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Travelling 30 miles a day,

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they can cover nearly 2,000 miles
during the summer months.

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The wolves will starve
if they don't find the caribou.

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But it's no easy task to locate prey
that never stops travelling.

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Biting flies and the quest for new pasture
drives the migration ever onwards.

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A wolf has finally picked up the trail.

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The caribou are close.

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At last, a chance.

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The hunt is on.

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The wolf panics the herd,
and the weak and young are singled out.

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A calf is separated from its mother.

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At the goose colony,
it's high summer and eggs are hatching.

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The young all emerge within a day or two,
a marvel of timing.

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The colony is now home to a million goslings.

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The fox is still gathering all she can get.

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Sometimes one mouth simply isn't enough.

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0ne will have to do.

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Not all food is stored. Some is needed right now.

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She has seven hungry cubs to feed.

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As their appetites grow, the mother
must work tirelessly to raise her family.

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0nly fat, healthy cubs
will survive the Arctic winter.

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The vast majority of the goslings
are still flourishing.

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Their parents lead them
down to the safety of the water

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as soon as they're strong enough
to make the journey.

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For the foxes, boom time has come to an end.

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But the mother has given her cubs
the best possible start in life.

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The geese will continue grazing the tundra

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until the summer ends
and they're forced to head south for the winter.

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At these latitudes, the sun's rays are weak

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and grass can only grow here
for a few months a year.

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But further south,
summers are longer and the grasslands flourish.

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The prairies of North America.

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This rich pasture once supported
the greatest herds ever seen on our planet.

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There were once 60 million bison,

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but no animal is immune
to intensive hunting by man

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or the destruction of its habitat.

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And a century ago,
the bison were reduced to barely 1,000.

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Now, thanks to rigorous protection,
the species is recovering.

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The growing season is long,

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and the grass here
can support herds all year round.

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Male bison weigh in at one ton.

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In high summer,
the bulls are fat from the rich grazing

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and in prime condition, but only a few will mate.

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Exactly which few is about to be decided.

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0n temperate plains around the world,
summer is a time for growth and reproduction.

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Now the grass produces its flowers.

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New colours also come to the plains.

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The northern flowering is mirrored
by the grasslands of the southern hemisphere,

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and nowhere is more impressive
than on the veldt of South Africa.

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Not all temperate plains
are so rich and colourful in the summer.

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This is midsummer on the Tibetan plateau,

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the highest great plain in the world.

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Despite the conditions, grass survives

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and in sufficient quantities
to support the highest of all grazing herds,

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those of the wild yak.

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Even in summer, life is hard.

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Temperatures rarely rise above freezing
and the air is thin.

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It's also exceptionally dry for one very big reason,

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the Himalayas.

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The great mountain range acts as a barrier,
preventing clouds moving in from the south,

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and this casts a giant rain shadow
that leaves Tibet high and dry.

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Grass clings to life

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even as desiccating winds remove
what little moisture remains in the soil.

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So long as grass can survive, so can grazers.

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Wild ass.

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The males are fighting to win territories.

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Those that hold the best
are more likely to attract a herd of females.

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It's a frisky business.

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That counts as a victory,

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but he can't assume
the females will actually turn up.

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Female asses are mysterious creatures.

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They come and go as they please

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and much of their behaviour
seems unfathomable to an outsider.

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They're the great nomads of the plateau

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and will often trek vast distances
across these parched plains

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in search of oases.

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But when they do find paradise,

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they are liable to feed and drink
for just a few hours

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and then head back to the dust
for no apparent reason.

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Wild ass are the most conspicuous pioneers
of this high frontier,

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but the most numerous grazer in Tibet
lives underground.

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Pika, a relative of the rabbit.
It, too, feeds on grass.

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0n the exposed plateau,
pikas never stray far from their burrows.

191
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But even so, squatters will move in
given half a chance.

192
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While ground peckers and snow finches
can be a nuisance,

193
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they're worth tolerating because they provide
a valuable early warning system.

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The bizarre Tibetan fox. The pika's nemesis.

195
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When stalking, it keeps below the skyline,

196
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perhaps helped by its curious body shape.

197
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But why the square head?

198
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In summer, the Tibetan plateau heats up,

199
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drawing in warm, wet air from the south.

200
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But the water never arrives.

201
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As the moist air approaches,
it's forced upwards by the Himalayas

202
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and condenses into huge rain clouds.

203
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These clouds drop all their water
on the southern side of the mountains.

204
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The very peaks that keep Tibet dry

205
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are responsible for the monsoon rains
falling farther south

206
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and the greening of India.

207
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Here, soaked by rain and bathed in tropical sun,

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grass reaches its full potential.

209
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Elephant grass is the tallest in the world.

210
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Grass that towers over an elephant
can conceal all sorts of surprises.

211
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The male Lesser Florican.

212
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It's hard work getting noticed
when you go courting in high grass.

213
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The long-grass plains of tropical India

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are home to some of the largest
grass-eating mammals on our planet.

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And some of the smallest.

216
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Pygmy hogs are no bigger than rabbits.

217
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They're the tiniest and rarest of all wild pigs.

218
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The female is busy collecting grass,
but not for eating.

219
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She's building a nest.

220
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Each piglet may be small enough
to fit in the palm of a hand,

221
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but she does have 10.

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This is how grass can grow,
given unlimited sunshine and water.

223
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But on most tropical plains across our planet,

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the wet season is followed by a dry one.

225
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0n the African savannahs,

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grazers are marching in search of grass and water.

227
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Without rain, these plains can become dust bowls.

228
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Grass can now lose its hold.

229
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Elephants are in immediate danger.

230
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They must drink almost daily.

231
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Driven on by thirst,

232
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they march hundreds of miles
across the parched plains.

233
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Relying on memory,
the matriarchs lead their families

234
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to those special water holes
that saved them in previous years.

235
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This one still has water,
but they must share what remains

236
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with desperately thirsty animals of all kinds.

237
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These are tense times.

238
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The elephants dominate the water hole,

239
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but as night falls the balance of power will shift.

240
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Thirsty herds continue to arrive
throughout the night.

241
00:39:27,990 --> 00:39:30,290
It's a cooler time to travel.

242
00:39:51,510 --> 00:39:54,230
In the darkness, the tables turn.

243
00:39:58,610 --> 00:40:02,440
The elephant's night vision
is little better than our own.

244
00:40:05,900 --> 00:40:09,660
But lions have much more sensitive eyes.

245
00:40:23,380 --> 00:40:26,930
The cats are hungry
and the elephants seem to sense it.

246
00:41:08,970 --> 00:41:12,050
Lions don't usually hunt elephants,

247
00:41:12,140 --> 00:41:15,890
but desperate times require desperate measures.

248
00:41:17,230 --> 00:41:21,150
This herd contains calves, easier targets.

249
00:41:26,030 --> 00:41:28,280
But how to reach them?

250
00:41:43,880 --> 00:41:46,500
The adults encircle their young.

251
00:41:46,630 --> 00:41:49,630
It's an impenetrable wall of grey.

252
00:42:18,450 --> 00:42:22,750
A few exhausted stragglers are still arriving.

253
00:42:26,500 --> 00:42:28,630
0ne of them is alone.

254
00:42:49,530 --> 00:42:53,200
But it's too big for the lions to tackle.

255
00:42:58,530 --> 00:43:01,160
This one looks a little smaller.

256
00:43:14,680 --> 00:43:18,680
A solitary lion stands no chance,

257
00:43:18,760 --> 00:43:20,810
but the whole pride is here.

258
00:43:25,060 --> 00:43:29,150
There are 30 of them
and they are specialist elephant hunters.

259
00:44:37,880 --> 00:44:43,060
This elephant will feed the whole pride
for at least a week.

260
00:44:53,190 --> 00:44:56,950
Elephants know
these drinking holes are dangerous,

261
00:44:57,030 --> 00:44:59,660
but they have no choice.

262
00:44:59,740 --> 00:45:03,790
The dramas that play out here
are a savage reminder

263
00:45:03,870 --> 00:45:08,500
of how important water is
for all life on these plains.

264
00:45:17,840 --> 00:45:21,340
As the dry season finally draws to a close,

265
00:45:21,470 --> 00:45:25,890
Africa's baked savannahs
undergo a radical change.

266
00:45:28,270 --> 00:45:31,270
Rain sweeps across the continent

267
00:45:31,350 --> 00:45:34,980
and grass, the great survivor, rises again.

268
00:45:35,980 --> 00:45:37,690
And the herds return.

269
00:45:40,860 --> 00:45:44,330
For months they've been scattered
over huge areas,

270
00:45:44,410 --> 00:45:48,000
clinging to existence around tiny water holes.

271
00:45:48,750 --> 00:45:51,750
Now, the good times are back.

272
00:45:57,840 --> 00:46:01,180
A few African savannahs are very special.

273
00:46:02,010 --> 00:46:07,470
Here, rainwater from far and wide
flows across the flat plains.

274
00:46:08,390 --> 00:46:12,310
Grass is submerged, but still it grows.

275
00:46:33,540 --> 00:46:40,010
Flooded, burnt, baked and frozen,
grass can withstand it all.

276
00:46:45,720 --> 00:46:47,850
After six months of drought,

277
00:46:47,930 --> 00:46:51,430
grass replaces dust over great areas.

278
00:47:02,700 --> 00:47:06,820
Fresh new shoots draw animals
from great distances.

279
00:47:19,340 --> 00:47:23,880
Many undertake epic migrations
to catch the boom time.

280
00:47:32,310 --> 00:47:36,850
Some resourceful animals live here
all the year round.

281
00:47:44,780 --> 00:47:49,530
Baboons are permanent residents,
but they have to change their behaviour

282
00:47:49,620 --> 00:47:53,830
if they are to gather what they need
on the newly flooded plains.

283
00:47:59,040 --> 00:48:00,800
There's plenty to eat,

284
00:48:00,920 --> 00:48:04,510
but getting to it can be a little uncomfortable.

285
00:48:55,730 --> 00:48:59,730
New water poses problems for the youngsters,

286
00:48:59,850 --> 00:49:02,610
but they know where to find a dry seat.

287
00:49:12,830 --> 00:49:17,660
Ajuicy snail is ample recompense
for sodden paws.

288
00:49:29,550 --> 00:49:32,760
Having survived the dry, barren times,

289
00:49:32,850 --> 00:49:35,850
animals can now reap the rewards.

290
00:49:42,480 --> 00:49:44,440
0n this seasonal planet,

291
00:49:44,520 --> 00:49:48,320
the great plains are lands of feast and famine.

292
00:49:49,740 --> 00:49:56,160
At their peak, they support the greatest
gatherings of wildlife found anywhere on Earth.

254
00:50:07,686 --> 00:50:22,686
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